Floristic composition, life history traits and phytogeographic distribution of forest vegetation in the Western Himalaya

Introduction Scientific documentation of the qualitative forest vegetation parameters a biogeographical area provides baseline information to guide conservation strategies and design policies for biodiversity management regulations. Methods We present one most comprehensive analyses evaluate entire structure function an ecosystem in remote northern part Kashmir Himalaya, India. Several multivariate ecological community were conducted after determining presence plant species various habitats using random sampling technique. Results In total, 155 belonging 120 genera 49 families occurred area. Asteraceae was largest family (12% species) followed by Rosaceae (11%). The patterns distribution across uneven, with 50% only 7 families, 23 being monotypic. terms functional groups, herbaceous growth form dominated. Therophytes dominant life form, indicating that disturbed. According phytogeographical research, 65% documented study native, 15% invasive, 14% naturalized, 5% casual. majority (30%) exotic reported along roadsides. Of all found, 39% grew their natural habitats, such as forests, 11% scattered Plant grouped five different clusters based on floristic similarity. estimated diversity indices, has greatest values Shannon’s Simpson’s index. found serves habitat several significant, endangered medicinal plants, including Arnebia benthamii, Bergenia ciliata, Delphinium roylei, Gentiana kurroo, Phytolacca acinosa, Saussurea costus , Trillium govanianum . Therefore, we recommend human intervention regeneration efforts be prioritized these increase population species. Conclusion Examining features from perspective groups contributes our understanding aspects flora. It may also useful developing plans ensure long-term landscapes this Himalayan region.